1. COURSE OUTLINES FOR B.Sc. (Hons.) CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

 Name of programme: Civil and Environmental Engineering

Title of degree: B.Sc. in Civil and Environmental Engineering

 LIST OF COURSES AND NO OF UNITS BY LEVELS

100 LEVEL – 1st Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

FSC 112

Introductory Chemistry I

C

3

FSC 115

Introductory Physics I

C

3

GEG 113

Engineering Applied Mathematics I

C

3

GEG 115

Engineering Algebra I

C

2

GEG 117

Engineering Calculus I

C

2

GST 102

Philosophy, Logic and Philosophy of Science

C

1

GST 105

Use of English

C

2

MEG 111

Workshop Practice I

C

2

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

18

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

0

 

100 LEVEL – 2nd Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

CHM 121

Introductory Chemistry II

C

3

GEG 124

Engineering Applied Mathematics II

C

3

GEG 126

Engineering Algebra II

C

2

GEG 128

Engineering Calculus II

C

2

GST 103

Nigerian peoples and Cultures

C

2

MEG 121

Workshop Practice II

C

1

PHS 121

Introductory Physics II

C

3

PHS 122

Introductory Physics III

C

3

PHS 123

Introductory Practical Physics

C

2

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

21

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

0

200 LEVEL – 1st Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

CEG 211

Mechanics of Materials I

C

3

CEG 213

Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering

C

1

GEG 217

Engineering Calculus III

C

2

GEG 219

Ordinary Differential Equations

C

2

GST 201

General African Studies

C

2

MEG 211

Engineering Drawing

C

2

MEG 212

Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

C

2

SSG 215

Introduction to Engineering Computing

C

2

SVY 210

Basic Surveying II

C

3

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

19

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

0

200 LEVEL – 2nd Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

CEG 221

Mechanics of Materials II

C

2

CEG 222

Concrete Technology

C

2

CEG 223

CAD for Civil Engineers

C

1

CEG 224

Mechanics of Fluids I

C

3

CEG 225

Engineering Geology I

C

3

CEG 226

Introduction to Safety in Engineering Practice

E

2

GEG 222

Intro. Engineering Statistics

C

3

GEG 228

Engineer In Society

C

1

SVY 220

Engineering Surveying

C

3

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

18

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

2

 

300 LEVEL – 1st Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

CEG 314

Intro. to Concrete and Timber Design

C

2

CEG 315

Mechanics of Fluids II

C

3

CEG 316

Transportation Engineering I

C

2

CEG 317

Properties of Civil Engineering Materials

C

2

CEG 331

Structural Analysis I

C

2

GEG 311

 Calculus of Several Variables

E

3

 GST 307

Entrepreneurship and Corporate Governance

C

2

MEG 319

Mechanical Engineering Technology

E

3

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

15

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

6

 

300 LEVEL – 2nd Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

CEG 321

Mechanics of Materials III

E

3

CEG 322

Hydraulics

C

3

CEG 323

Soil Mechanics I

C

3

CEG 324

Structural Detailing

C

2

CEG 325

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

C

2

EEG 321

Electrical Engineering Technology

C

3

GEG 322

Operational Methods I

C

3

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

16

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

3


400 LEVEL – 1st Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

CEG 410

Structural Analysis II

C

2

CEG 412

Design of Steel Structures

C

3

CEG 414

Foundation Engineering I

C

3

CEG 415

Urban Drainage Planning and Design

E

2

CEG 419

Environmental Engineering I

C

3

CEG 438

Transportation Engineering II

C

2

GEG 411

Technical Communication

C

1

GEG 412

Numerical Methods in Engineering  

E

3

GEG 413

Advanced Engineering Statistics

E

2

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

14

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

7

 

 

400 LEVEL – 2nd Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

SIW 400

SIWES

C

6

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

6

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

0

500 LEVEL – 1st Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

CEG 513

Surface Water Hydrology

C

2

CEG 514

Foundation Engineering II

C

2

CEG 515

Computational Hydraulics

E

2

CEG 516

Environmental Engineering II

C

2

CEG 517

Traffic Engineering

C

2

CEG 518

Soil Mechanics II

E

2

CEG 530

Embankment Dam Engineering

E

2

CEG 531

Structural Analysis III

C

2

CEG 532

Numerical Methods In Structural Engineering

E

2

CEG 533

Environmental Management

E

2

CEG 534

Urban Transportation

E

2

CEG 535

Transportation Systems Analysis and Design

E

2

CEG 536

Engineering Geology II

E

2

CEG 537

Labour-Based Engineering Construction

E

2

CEG 577

Project I

C

3

ECN 471

Engineering Economics

C

2

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

15

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

18

 


500 LEVEL – 2nd Semester

Course Code

Course Title

Status

Units

BUS 440

Management for Engineers

C

1

CEG 520

Stochastic Hydrological Modelling

E

2

CEG 526

Environmental Engineering III

E

2

CEG 527

Civil Engineering Practice and Project Management

C

2

CEG 528

Tunnel Engineering

E

2

CEG 529

Optimum Design & Control of Structural Systems

E

2

CEG 540

Bridge Design

E

2

CEG 541

Membrane Structures (Plates & Shells)

E

2

CEG 542

Soil Mechanics II

E

2

CEG 544

Environmental Engineering IV

E

2

CEG 545

Advanced Structural Design

E

2

CEG 546

Advanced Hydrological Engineering

E

2

CEG 547

Groundwater Hydrology

C

2

CEG 548

Coastal Engineering

E

2

CEG 549

Highway Engineering

C

2

CEG 588

Project II

C

3

CIL 524

Introduction to Engineering Contracts

C

1

Total Units of Compulsory Courses

11

Total Units of Available Elective Courses

24

 

COURSES BEING OFFERED TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Course Code

Course Title

Semester

Total Units

CEG 326

Soil Mechanics for Non-Civil Engineers

2nd 

3

CEG 327

Mechanics of Materials for Non-Civil Engineers

2nd

3

CEG 332

Structural Analysis for Non-Civil Engineers I

1st

2

CEG 333

Introduction to Concrete and Timber Design for Non-Civil Engineers

1st

3

CEG 334

Mechanics of Fluids for Non –Civil Engineers

1st

3

CEG 335

Civil Engineering Technology for non-Civil Engineers

1st

3

CEG 416

Structural Analysis for Non-Civil Engineers II

1st

2

CEG 417

Design of Steel Structures for Non-Civil Engineers

1st

3

CEG 418

Foundation Engineering for Non-Civil Engineers

1st

3

 Summary of number of units of Compulsory and Elective Courses to be taken/available at each Level for the Bachelor of Science (Honours) Degree Programme in Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Level

First Semester

Second Semester

 

Units of Compulsory Courses

Units of Elective Courses

Units of Compulsory Courses

Units of Elective Courses

Total of Compulsory Courses

Total Elective Courses

100

18

0

21

0

39

0

200

19

0

18

2

37

2

300

15

6

16

3

31

9

400

14

7

6

0

20

7

500

15

18

11

22

26

40

Other servicing courses

16

9

 

 

Total

153

58

 

  1. Course Description for B.Sc. Civil and Environmental Engineering

 

Course Content

CHM 121 – INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY II                                                         (3,0)

Chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, coordinate, metallic, hydrogen and van der Waals forces. Bond energy and bond angle. Shapes of simple covalent molecules. Gaseous state-ideal and non-ideal behaviour. Solutions-types of solution, solubility and vapour pressure. Simple treatment of Chemical thermodynamics: Internal energy change ∆U, enthalpy change, ∆H, entropy change, ∆S and free energy change, ∆G and the relationship between them(∆G = ∆H-T∆S) and applications of the equation. Trends in the physical and chemical properties of elements and their compounds (oxides, hydrides, hydroxides and chlorides) in periods of the periodic table. Transition metals-first row only. Characteristic properties of the elements and their ions. Introductory radioactivity. Organic Chemistry – alcohols, acids, esters, aldehydes, ketones (aliphatic and aromatic), polymers and biologically important molecules.

 

FSC 112: INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY I                                                               (2,0)

Measurement and Precision: Hypothesis, theory and laws with appropriate examples. Nature of matter, the three states of matter, electronic energy levels and orbitals. Periodic classification of elements and its relationship to their electronic configurations. Mole concept and calculations based on it, including application to titrimetric and balancing of equations by electron transfer method. Types of chemical reactions and stoichiometric calculations, different methods of expressing concentrations of solutions. Chemical kinetics and equilibria, and simple calculations involving the concepts. Important applications like pH, Solubility products and solubility of ionic solids. Thermochemistry and simple calculations based on Hess’s Law. Electrochemistry and the working of various cells, brief treatment of corrosion.

Organic Chemistry: Chemical bonding, polarity in organic compounds, their isolation, purification and analysis. Empirical, molecular and structural formulae, Nomenclature and Isomerism. Simple reactions of hydrocarbons-alkanes, alkenes, alkynes.

FSC 115: INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS I                                                             (2,1) 

Physical quantities, standards and units. Kinematics: Uniform velocity, uniform acceleration motion. Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of motion. Newton’s universal Law of Gravitation. Work, Energy, Conservation Laws. Concept of mathematical equilibrium. Centre of mass and centre of gravity. Moment of a force. Rotational motion, angular momentum and torque. Total mechanical energy, elasticity, Hooke’s law, Young’s shear and bulk modulus. Hydrodynamics. Molecular properties of fluids, viscosity, surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, capillarity, drops and bubbles. Temperature and the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Quantity of heat. Heat transfer. Gas laws. First and second law of thermodynamics. Application to kinetic theory of gases.

GEG 113 – ENGINEERING APPLIED MATHEMATICS    I                                  (3,0)

Representation of vectors: Resultant of several vectors. Vectors in Euclidean space: lines, planes and spheres. The dot and cross products. Direction cosines. Differentiation of vector functions.  Lami’s theorem. Polygon of forces. Conditions for equilibrium of coplanar forces. Newton’s laws of motion. Analytical treatment of static equilibrium of particles and rigid bodies. Distributed forces. Centroids and centres of gravity. Moments of Inertia. Analysis of structures and trusses. Forces in beams and tables. Friction.

GEG 115 – ENGINEERING ALGEBRA I                                                                      (2,0)

Axiomatic Set theory. Operations on Set. Boolean Algebra. Switching circuits, logic circuits and propositional logic. Transfinite induction and recursion. Sequences. Monotonic sequences and Convergence. Cauchy criteria. Series. Power series. Tests for convergence. Operations on power series.

 GEG 117 – ENGINEERING CALCULUS I                                                                   (2,0)

Functions, limits, Continuity and Differentiability. Mean Value theorems. Techniques of differentiation for derivatives of algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions; Curve sketching. L’Hospital rule. McLaurin’s and Taylor’s series. Applications of differentiation to rates of changes, maximum and minimum problems, application to rectilinear motion.

 GEG 124 – ENGINEERING APPLIED MATHEMATICS II                                     (3,0)

An introduction to kinematics and kinetics of a particle. Systems of particles and rigid bodies. Energy and momentum methods. Applications. Impulsive motions. Motion of a rigid body (i) about a fixed axis (ii) in a plane. Equations of motion.

 GEG 126 – ENGINEERING ALGEBRA II                                                                   (2,0)

The real and the complex number systems. Mathematical Induction Matrices and determinants. Complex numbers: representations and algebra. Complex functions. Roots of Unity. De-Moivre’s theorem and applications. Basic matrix theory and algebra. Systems of linear equations: elementary row-reduction, types and methods of solution, Echelon form. Applications of matrices. Introduction to systems of inequalities and linear programming.

 GEG 128 – ENGINEERING CALCULUS II                                                                  (2,0)

Integral Calculus: The definite integral. Mean Value Theorems of Integrals. Fundamental theorems of Integral Calculus. Techniques of integration. Improper Integrals. Change of variables and special methods of integration. Reduction Formulae. Numerical techniques for evaluating definite integrals. Applications of Integration to areas, volumes, arc lengths, radius of gyration, moment of inertia.

 GST 102: PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE                      (2,0)

A brief survey of the scope, notion, branches and problems of philosophy, elements of Western and African philosophy; symbolic logic,(special symbols in symbolic logic, conjunction, affirmation, negation, disjunction, equivalence and conditional statements). Laws of thought, the method of deduction, using rules of inference and bi-conditionals, quantification theory. Fallacies and other selected topics.

 GST 105: USE OF ENGLISH                          (2,0)

Effective communication and writing in English study skills, language skills, writing of essay. Instruction on lexis, sentence construction outlines and paragraphs. Collection and organization of materials and logical presentation. Punctuation and logical presentation of papers. Use of library. Phonetics. Art of public speaking and oral communication.

 MEG 111: WORKSHOP PRACTICE I                                                                          (1,1)

Introduction to basic equipment in wood, machine, fitting and welding workshops. Elements of safety practice with the various tools used in the workshops. Discussion on general safety precautions. General principles governing the various workshop machines. Selection and use of tools for specific operations in the various workshops. Practical demonstration of use of tools and machines in performing basic workshop processes.

 MEG 121: WORKSHOP PRACTICE II                                                                         (1,1)

Introduction to more advanced machinery and equipment in the workshops. Introduction to sketching and labelling of machine parts and tools. Emphasis is laid on the ability of students to be able to competently handle standard workshop equipment. Machining: Practical works on machines for the purpose of carrying out individual projects. Detection of faults in work pieces. Fitting: Shaping and finishing of metallic objects. Welding: Preparation of pieces for welding visual examination of welds, etc. Woodwork: Introduction to constructional technique of woodwork joints. Simple individual projects in different aspects of workshop practice.

 PHS 121: INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS II                                                                  (3,0)

Pre-requisite: FSC 105 or credit in O’ level physics. Geometrical optics: Laws of reflection and refraction. Location of images, plain and curved mirrors. Converging and diverging thin lenses. Aberration. The eye. Optical instruments. Simple harmonic motion. Wave motion and wave types. Dispersion. Production of sound in strings and pipes resonance; applications. Simple description of diffraction and interference, application to both light and sound waves. Polarization of transverse waves. Atomic structure. Production and properties of X-rays. Radioactivity. Photoelectric emission.

PHS 122: INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS III                                                                (3,0)

Electrostatics, potential and capacitance, dielectrics, production and measurement of static electricity. Current, Ohm’s law, resistance and resistivity, heating. Galvanometers, Voltmeters and Ammeters. D.C. circuits, sources of emf and currents, Kirchhoff’s law. Electrochemistry. The Earth’s magnetic field. Magnetic fields and induction. Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws. Force on a current carrying conductor. Biot-Savart law. Flemming’s right and left-hand rules, motors and generators.

 PHS 123: INTRODUCTORY PRACTICAL PHYSICS            (0,2)

Simple experiments illustrating the key topics covered in FSC 105, PHS 101 courses.

 

CEG 211: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS I       (2,1)

Forces, moments, couples, resultants and equivalent force systems Direct stresses and strains, Hooke’s law. Method of superposition stresses and deformation resulting from temperature changes, stresses in thin cylinder and spheres. Stresses on inclined planes, principal stresses. Structural mechanics of statically determinate body systems and plane pin-jointed frames.

CEG 213: INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (1,0)

Basic fundamentals of Civil and Environmental Engineering, group dynamics, oral presentation skills, engineering report writing techniques, and uses of the computer. Basics of environmental engineering, highway and transportation engineering, structural engineering, surveying, materials, water resources engineering, construction engineering and management.

CEG 221: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS II           (2,0)

Tension, compression, torsion, and hardness. Fracture mechanics, fatigue, creep and viscoelasticity. Elementary plasticity, thin plates and shells, yield criteria and stress concentration. Buckling instability, stress-strain transformation. Bending moment and shearing forces in beams. Bending: stress, slope and deflection, energy methods. Statically determinate and indeterminate stress systems.

 

CEG 222: CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY           (1,1)

Concrete constituents (cement, aggregate and water) and their properties. Properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Mix ratio, Mix Design, Curing, Cube-strength Determination, Mortar mixing and plastering, Block Laying. Admixtures and miscellaneous concrete components. Design and manufacture of concrete.

 

CEG 223: CAD FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS        (0,1)

Fundamental uses of the AutoCAD software package. Basic two dimensional drawing techniques. Three dimensional drawing, rendering and animation. Students are required to become familiar with AutoCAD.

 

CEG 224: MECHANICS OF FLUIDS I       (2,1)

Fundamental concepts and properties of fluids: physical characteristic of fluids, properties of fluids. Fluids at rest: pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, Pressure variation with elevation, pressure measurements, and hydrostatic forces on curved surface. Buoyancy and equilibrium: Archimedes’ principles, stability of submerged and floating bodies, stability of fluids itself, liquids in relative equilibrium. Kinematics of the flow field: definitions of pathline, streamline, control volume, system, etc. Basic equations of mass momentum and energy conservation and their applications.

 

CEG 225: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY I                       (2,1)

Relevance of geology to engineering. The structure of the planet earth. Basic principles of stratigraphy; the geologic time scale; the importance of fossils. Rocks and minerals: -common rock-forming processes and rock cycle. External earth processes and agents. Erosion and evolution of landforms. Internal earth processes; igneous processes-plutonic & volcanic; metamorphic processes, metamorphism types; rock deformation, fault and folds. Fundamentals of plate tectonics; earthquakes and tsunamis. Distribution of rock minerals and principal geologic features (structures) in Nigeria.

 

CEG 226: INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE          (2,0)

Introduction to safety and safety standards. Protective equipment and safety gadgets. Construction and renovation equipment, installation and inspection. Safety precautions, Emergency Responses e.g. fire outbreaks, building collapses etc., importance of safety education and training. Related insurance and policies.

 CEG 228: ENGINEER IN SOCIETY          (1,0)

Philosophy of science, History of Engineering Technology, Safety in Engineering.

 

GEG 217 – ENGINEERING CALCULUS III                                                          (2,0)

Matrices and Linear Transformations. Elementary Complex Analysis: Logarithmic, Exponential and Circular Complex Functions. Mapping by Elementary Complex Functions; Conformal Mapping. Limit, Continuity and Differentiability of Complex functions; Cauchy-Riemann’s Equations; Complex Line Integrals. Integration of Functions of Complex Variables. Cauchy’s Integral Theorem; Cauchy’s Integral Formula; Residue Theorem. Laurent Series. Prerequisite: GEG 128 or GEG 132

GEG 219 – ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS           (2,0)

Introduction to Differential Equations; Linear dependence; Classification of Ordinary Differential Equations; Order, Degree and linearity. Types and Techniques of solution of first order ODEs; Picard’s iterative method; physical applications of first order ODE. Theory and solutions of higher order linear equations; physical applications. Ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients: methods of undetermined coefficients, variation of parameters, D-Operator. Linear Differential equations with variable coefficients. Cauchy-Euler’s equations. Systems of linear equations. Properties of linear operations. Series solution. First order non-linear equations: autonomous, equidimensional and scale-invariant.

 

GEG 222 – INTRODUCTORY ENGINEERING STATISTICS          (2,0)

Introduction to statistics Fundamentals of probability theory: random variables and expectations. Discrete and continuous distributions Probability and relative frequency. Independent trials. The Laplace-De-Moivre’s limit theorem. Poison’s law, Concepts used in statistics, Expectation of a sum, variance, correlations. Theory of errors Estimation of variance and correlation. Linear regression Random events, Frequency analysis, Data reduction techniques, Distribution and density function, Expectation and other moments.

Laboratory: Introduction to R; Exploratory data analysis: methods of visualisation and summary statistics Sampling from standard discrete and continuous distributions (Bernoulli, Geometric, Poisson, Gaussian, Gamma) Generic methods for sampling from univariate distributions; The use of R to illustrate probabilistic notions such as conditioning, convolutions and the law of large numbers; Examples of modelling real data (but without formal statistical inference) and the use of visualizations to assess fit.

 

GST 201: GENERAL AFRICAN STUDIES           (2,0)

Cultures and society in Africa, social Organisation in Africa, Social Change in Africa, the geography of Africa, African Languages in Literature, Traditional Medicine in Africa, Race and Identity, Crime, Security and Peace Building in Africa, Population and Demographic issues in Africa, Democracy, Public Policy and National Developmental Africa.

 

MEG 211: ENGINEERING DRAWING                                                                         (1,1)

Introduction to drawing instruments and their proper use. Use of scales, linework, lettering and dimensioning. Geometrical constructions including tangents, normal, polygons, etc. Loci, including paths of point of simple mechanisms and cam profiles. Orthographic projections of simple objects in first and third angles. Isometric and oblique projections. Isometric projections from orthographic projects.

 

MEG 212: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS                                         (2,0)

Introductory survey of thermodynamics. What is thermodynamics? Historical background and scope of thermodynamics, dimensions and units. Fundamental concepts: systems, control volume, properties and states, processes, heat and work, pressure, temperature and the zeroth law. Elementary form of the continuity equation. The first law of thermodynamics and its corollaries: conservation of energy, internal energy, enthalpy. Thermodynamic properties of pure substances: P-V-T relations and diagrams, the ideal gas, property tables and charts. The second law of thermodynamics and its corollaries. Reversibility, irreversibility, efficiency and thermodynamics temperature scale. Entropy: Claudius inequality, heat engines and heat pumps.

 

SSG 215: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING COMPUTING                             (1,1)

Introduction to computer systems. Flow charts and basic data processing cycles. The mathematics of computing. Introduction to programming languages: Programming in QBASIC, FORTRAN and C.

SVY 210: BASIC SURVEYING 11                                                                                   (2,1)

Basic principles, use of topographic map method of obtaining field data for topographic surveys. Levelling and barometric heighting. Planning of control surveys. Recce, selection of stations, station marking, description and recovery. Field procedures and observations, place tabling minor triangulation, trilateration and traversing. Intersection and resection. Numerical, graphical and semi-graphical methods. Field completion and detail surveys. Plotting and reproduction of plans/maps.

SVY 220: ENGINEERING SURVEYING          (3,0)

Location and setting out of works, roads, bridges, railways, tunnels, pipelines and buildings. Setting out of simple, compound and reverse. Volumes, sectioning, longitudinal and cross profiles. Calculations of volumes from contours, spot heights and sections. Curvature correction in earthwork measurements.

 

CEG 314: INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE & TIMBER DESIGN             (2,0)

Introduction to Timber Design: Properties of timber, timber preservation, simple timber design. Introduction to Concrete Design: Design of slabs, beams, columns and pad-foundations using the limit State Design Method.

 

CEG 315: MECHANICS OF FLUIDS II           (2,1)

Dimensional Analysis and hydraulics Modelling, Potential Flow, Viscous flow and shear forces in pipes and between parallel plates. Turbulent pipe flow, Flow measurements. Pipe Network analysis, Reservoir emptying. Turbo-Machinery.  Unsteady flow in pipes with special emphasis on water hammer and the use of surge tanks.

 

CEG 316: TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING I                       (2,0)

Introduction to Transportation Engineering, Design and location of highways; design controls and criteria; elements of design; fundamental of traffic engineering. Airport plan and layout; aircraft data related to airport classification and design; design standards.         

 

CEG 317: PROPERTIES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS              (2,0)

Highway materials: Bituminous materials in road construction and maintenance work. Design of surface treatment and asphalt concrete mixtures, timber, glass, asbestos, clay bricks, steel, wood and similar construction materials. Asphalt cement, tars, cutbacks and emulsions. Paints used in civil projects.

 

CEG 318: ELEMENT OF ARCHITECTURE FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS   (2,0)

Introduction: dimensional aware ness, Graphic communication, lettering, anthropometric; relation to environment, freehand drawings – forms in terms of shades, light and shadow.

Orthographic: diametric, perspective projections. Applications; common curves. Elements of designs & Civil Engineering drawing; plan views, sections, etc., Computer Aided Design (CAD).

 

CEG 321: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS III                       (2,1)

Encastre and continuous beams. Flexure of beams with unsymmetrical sections, strain energy methods with special application to springs, curved bars. Shear stress distribution. Shear centre. Simple theories of failure. Thick cylinders. Rotating discs. Engineering properties and applications of metals, alloys (steel in particular) and non-metallic materials (glass, rubber, plastics, wood, ceramics and concrete).

CEG 322: HYDRAULICS                       (2,1)

Steady uniform and steady non-uniform flow in open channels; gradually varied flow and rapidly varied flow.  Flow over movable beds, Sediment Transport, Classification of rivers, River Control and Engineering.                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

 

CEG 323: SOIL MECHANICS I                       (2,1) Soil as an engineering material. Origin. Physical and chemical nature of soils. Engineering properties of soils including permeability. Flow net seepage in soils. Compaction of soil. Principles of effective stress. Shear strength and consolidation of soils.

 

CEG 324: STRUCTURAL DETAILING                    (1,1)        Basic principles involved in detailing engineering designs.

Requirement of current codes of practice. Preparation of drawings and bending schedules.

 

CEG 325: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES           (2,0)    This course covers the theory and practice of reinforced concrete design. Limit State Design of structural elements – slabs (solid, flat, waffle, ribbed), beams, columns, staircases, foundations (footings), retaining walls using BS Codes and new modern codes and introduction to composite structures.

 

CEG 326: SOIL MECHANICS FOR NON CIVIL ENGINEERS           (2,1) 

Soil as an engineering material. Origin. Physical and chemical nature of soils. Engineering properties of soils including permeability. Compaction of soil. Shear strength and consolidation of soils.

 

CEG 327: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS FOR NON CIVIL ENGINEERS           (2,1) 

Encastre and continuous beams. Strain energy methods with special application to springs, curved bars. Shear stress distribution. Shear centre. Simple theories of failure. Engineering properties and applications of metals, alloy steel in particular and non-metallic materials, (glass, rubber, plastics, wood, ceramics and concrete.

 

CEG 331: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I          (2,0) 

Loading systems, analysis of statically determinate and statically indeterminate beams, frames, trusses, structural floor systems for buildings, bridges and other structural assemblies. Shear force and bending moment diagrams in frames. Moment area and moment distribution methods of analysis, influence lines. Theory of 3-pinned arches.

 

CEG 332: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR NON-CIVIL ENGINEERS          (2,0)

Loading systems, analysis of statically determinate and statically indeterminate beams, structural floor systems for buildings. Shear force and bending moment diagrams in beams. Moment area and moment distribution methods of analysis.

 

CEG 333: INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE & TIMBER DESIGN FOR NON-CIVIL ENGINEERS           (3,0)

Introduction to Timber Design: Properties of timber, timber preservation, simple timber design. Introduction to Concrete Design: Simple slab, beam and column design and pad-foundation design using the Limit State Design Method.

 

CEG 334: MECHANICS OF FLUIDS FOR NON CIVIL ENGINEERS           (2,1)

Dimensional Analysis. Potential Flow, Viscous flow and shear forces in pipes and between parallel plates. Flow measurements. Pipe Network analysis. Special emphasis on water hammer and the use of surge tanks.

 

CEG 335: CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY FOR NON-CIVIL ENGINEER

          (3,0)

Steel Design; Steel Section. Introduction to B.S. 449. Simple beam and column design. Simple and eccentric loading. Reinforced concrete design: Concrete technology, Introduction to B.S. 8110. Slab and timber design and detailing. Simple and composite beams. Surveying: Chain surveying, triangulation and levelling.

 

EEG 321: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY                                    (2,1)

Basic theory and understanding of the following, with a view to specifying and making civil engineering provision for:

  • Direct current and Alternating current.
  • Power transmission and Distribution.
  • Electrical Machines: types, advantages/disadvantages, specifications.
  • Electronic Circuits; components, analysis and diagrams.
  • Electrochemical Power Sources.
  • Solar and other Electrical Power.

 

GEG 311 – CALCULUS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES                                 (2,0)

Calculus of several variables: Limits and continuity. Partial derivatives of first and higher orders. Total differential of a function. Jaco0bians. Higher order partial and total derivatives and gradient of a function Integration of total differentials with applications to mechanics. Introduction to vector fields – divergence and curl. Generalized Taylor’s series; the extremum of a function of several variables. Differentiation under the integral sign. The calculus of variations. Line integral with applications on computation of areas and volumes. Functions of complex variables. Cauchy-Riemann Equation analytical functions. Mapping by elementary functions.

 

GEG 322 – OPERATIONAL METHODS I                                                        (3,0)

Fourier series: Periodic functions; Dirichlet conditions; odd and even functions; half-range Fourier sine and cosine series. Parseval’s identity. Differentiation and integration of Fourier series. Boundary value problems. The Laplace transform and applications (excluding the use of inversion integral and convolution theorem).

 

GST 307: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE                (2,0)

Introduction to entrepreneurship and new venture creation: Introduction to module learning objectives and assessment; what is entrepreneurship? What is corporate governance? Entrepreneurship – myths and realities. The role of the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship in theory and practice: How are new ventures created? Stevenson’s model, entrepreneurial resources, the business plan, case study-R & R. The Opportunity: Sources of opportunity, identification, researching the opportunity, assessment, protecting your IP. The Entrepreneurial Team: What teams are important? Individual and team performance, putting together a winning team, team roles, team pathologies. Corporate Governance: Elements of corporate governance, systems and processes for entrenching corporate governance and the benefits of good corporate governance; case studies. Entrepreneurial Finance: Determining your capital requirements, financing strategy, managing cash flow. Raising Financial Capital: Venture capital and informal equity, debt finance, other financial instruments. Marketing and the new venture: Product, price, place, promotion, people; case study. Innovation: R & D Management, determinants of innovation, the innovation process in new ventures, case study.

New Venture Workshop: Syndicate groups present their business ideas to class and receive constructive feedback from tutors and peers. Group and Harvest: Theories of firm growth, Organic vs. M & A, Organic growth strategies, Resource implications, The Harvest.

MEG 319: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY                       (2,1)

Fundamental concepts in heat transfer. Conduction, convection and thermal radiation, combined mechanisms of heat. Vapour-compression and vapour-absorption refrigeration components-basic concepts. Types of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Power transmission by screw threads, friction clutches and belt drives. Simple and epicyclic gear trains. Vibrations of simple mechanical systems in translation, rotation and torsion. Qualitative description of various damping mechanisms in mechanical systems. Principles of metal cutting. Forming and shaping processes: rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, sheet-metal forming.

BUS 440: MANAGEMENT FOR ENGINEERS                                                            (1,0)

Introduction to Management. Decision Analysis. How to model a decision situation. Quantitative techniques for situations of uncertainty. Decision tree. Project Management. Project evaluation and review techniques. Concept of motivation and theories of motivation. Hertzberg 2 factor theory. Transportation management model

 

CEG 410: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II                                                          (2,0)  Statically indeterminate structures. Moment distribution method for frames, sideways. Settlement of supports. Slope-Deflection method of analysis of frames and beams. Theory of indeterminate arches.

CEG 412: DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES          (2,1)

This course covers the theory and practice of steel design.

Flexural behaviour of stable beam systems: Determinate and indeterminate systems. Stability: axial stability, stability of plates, torsion, loading and bending. Behaviour of bracing systems: Deflection, dynamic behaviour of building systems. Developing the design of a ductile frame. Design of steel superstructures, masts, towers, overhead storage reservoirs such as water tanks, oil tanks and steel pedestrian bridges. Design of offshore steel structures using BS codes and other modern codes and software.

CEG 414: FOUNDATION ENGINEERING                                  (2,1)

Soil exploration. Sampling and in-situ testing techniques. Bearing Capacity. Stress distribution and settlement. Design of shallow and deep foundations including pile load test. Pile group behaviour. Lateral earth pressures. Field Trips to construction sites.

CEG 415: URBAN DRAINAGE PLANNING & DESIGN           (2,0) Natural Drainage system, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Drainage System. Open and Closed Drainage Systems. Sizing and Designing of Drainage Appurtenances. Drainage of Urban coastal centres. Airport Drainage and Planning.

CEG 416: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR NON CIVIL ENGINEERS II           (2,0) 

Statically indeterminate structures. Moment distribution method for frames; sidesways. Slope-Deflection method of analysis of frames and beams.

CEG 417: DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES FOR NON CIVIL ENGINEERS    (2,1)

This course covers the theory and practice of steel design.

Flexural behaviour of stable beam systems: Determinate and indeterminate systems. Stability: axial stability, stability of plates, torsion, loading and bending. Deflection, dynamic behaviour of building systems. Design of steel superstructures, masts, towers, overhead storage reservoirs such as water tanks, oil tanks and steel pedestrian bridges.

 

CEG 418: FOUNDATION ENGINEERING FOR NON CIVIL ENGINEERS           (3,0)

Soil exploration. Sampling and in-situ testing techniques. Bearing Capacity. Stress Distribution and settlement. Design of shallow and deep foundations including pile load test. Field Trips to construction sites.

 

CEG 419: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING I          (2,0)

Environmental impact of population growth and energy demand, water resources (source selection, Intake, pumps and reservoir), water chemistry, water quality standards, environmental microbiology, waste water characteristics, receiving water quality and dissolved oxygen budgets, water pollution abatement, sludge management, solids and hazardous waste management, and an introduction of air and noise pollution.

Environmental Engineering Laboratory. Laboratory experiments dealing with physical, chemical and biological treatment systems.

Review of water-quality standards, impurities in natural waters and the design and treatment processes for their removal such as aeration, water softening, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, taste and odour control, corrosion control. Site visits to industries practicing water and wastewater treatment.

Water and wastewater Engineering Laboratory: Wastewater characteristics, application of sources and effects of pollution, physical, chemical and biological wastewater treatment processes, and waste sludge management.

Natural Drainage system. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Drainage System. Open and Closed Drainage Systems. Sizing and Designing of Drainage Appurtenances. Drainage of Urban coastal centres. Airport Drainage and Planning.

 

CEG 438: TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING II          (2,0)

Permanent ways; Turnouts, side tracks and yards; Locomotives, train, resistance and velocity profile. Channel regulation. Port and harbours. Pipeline transportation. Tram-way and Belt conveyors

ECN 471: ENGINEERING ECONOMICS                                                             (2,0)

Project development and financial analysis. Market analysis and demand estimation. Investigation and technical aspect of project development and financial analysis. Criteria for project choice. Project financing. Determination of Economic and Social profitability. CEG

 

GEG 411: TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION           (1,0)

Oral communication: Public speaking skills with effective use of visual aids and statistical and technical information. Principles of effective communication in interpersonal and mass communication process. Effective reading skills-extracting main ideas and reading for specific information through speed reading. Written communication skills – technical report writing, proposal writing, citation and referencing styles.

 

GEG 412:  NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING          (2,0)

Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations by iteration, Finite Differences, Differences equations. Interpolation splines Numerical solution of systems of linear equations methods. III-conditioning Matrix analysis: Methods of matrix inversion Numerical evaluation of eigenvalues. Numerical integration applied to the Error function and Elliptic integrals.

 

GEG 413:  ENGINEERING STATISTICS                       (2,0)

Some aspects of probability theory: Random events, Frequency analysis Data Reduction techniques Random variables, Distribution and density functions, Expectation and other moments. And other moments, Discrete distributions Binomial, Poisson Multinomial Distributions Continuous Distributions: Normal, Chi-Square, t, F and Gamma Distributions, Sampling theory, Estimation of population parameters, Statistical Tests. Regression analysis and Analysis of Variance.

 

CEG 513: SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY                                                          (2,0)

The hydrological cycle. Precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, groundwater, surface run-off, floods and droughts. Physical and statistical analysis related to hydrological processes. Flood routing techniques. Hydrological system analysis. Unit hydrograph theory.

CEG 514: FOUNDATION ENGINEERING II                                                           (2,0)

Stability of slopes; Design of earth retaining structures and sheet piles (concrete and steel) using BS and modern codes. Soil-structure interaction; Lateral and pull-out loading of deep foundations. Foundations for offshore structures such as oil platforms; Pile-driving dynamics; Foundations for special structures and structured excavation.

CEG 515: COMPUTATIONAL HYDRAULICS                                               (2,0)

Application of the Finite difference method, finite-element method, method of characteristics and boundary element method to surface and subsurface water flow problems. Student will use already developed computer models to solve practical problems.

 

CEG 516 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II          (2,0)

Source selection intake, pumps and reservoir, Introduction to water distribution. Principles of surface water treatment and ground water treatment to meet portable water standard. This will include aeration. Sedimentation and filtration techniques. Iron and manganese removal.

 

CEG 517: TRAFFIC ENGINEERING                      (2,0)

Traffic studies and analysis. Traffic legislation. Traffic flow theory capacity analysis. Traffic control devices and design of traffic signals.

CEG 518: SOIL MECHANICS II                (2,0)

Advanced soil Mechanics, Soil Physics. Partial differential equation governing consolidation. Exact and approximate solutions. Land subsidence.

 

CEG 520: STOCHASTIC HYDROLOGIC MODELLING                       (2,0)

Time and frequency domain, statistical techniques for hydraulic systems. Existing stream flow models. Drought and flood frequency estimation. Parameter estimation in dynamic systems.

CEG 526: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING III                       (2,0)

Air Pollution and Control – Air pollution problems. Sources, characteristics and effects of specific air pollutions, their dispensation and interactions in the atmosphere. Air quality standards and regulation. Air pollution control methods. Ozone layer. Greenhouse effect, global temperature effect. Industrial Waste Management –Nature of industrial wastes, classification: methods of treatment. Significance of Sox, measurement and monitoring of air quality. Measures to control air pollution by tall stack chimneys electrostatic interceptors of dusts and smokes. Industrial effluent types and characteristics. Environmental tolerance levels. Treatment of industrial solid wastes and wastewaters. Strategies to control industrial pollution – in – process recycling, process and modification. Improved plant operation. Input substitution and changes in end products. Organizations and Regulations controlling industrial waste management.

 

CEG 527: CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICE AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT              (2,0)

Introduction: Types and functions of management, role of project management, project management skills and total quality management. Working with Project Teams: Design and construction teams, team management, team building, motivation and conflict management.

Project Phases: Project initiation, Preconstruction planning; preliminary investigation and Report, construction and Project close out.

Estimates: Establishing estimates work plan, methods and techniques, checklists and documentation, reviews and risk assessment, analysis and contingency.

 

Project Budgeting: Economic feasibility study, economic justifications and benefit-cost ratio design budgets, design calculations, drawings, bill of quantities.

Types of contracts: Fixed price contracts, schedule of rates contracts, Measure and value contracts, Lump sum contracts: Cost reimbursement contracts; Turnkey (package deal) contracts, contractor-financed contracts. Fast track contracts.

Tendering Procedure: Contract documents; Advertisement; Open and Selective tendering; Opening of Tenders by Tenders Board; Irregularities of Tenders; Tenders Board; Award of Contracts; Form of contract agreement

Contract Administration: Contractor programme, Role of Engineer, Duties of Resident Engineer and Site Engineer, Variation Orders; Interim payment certificates; Retention Money; Final Payment Certificate; Liquidated Damages; Arbitration; Engineer as Expert Witness; Professional Institutions and Professional Ethics.

 

CEG 528: TUNNEL ENGINEERING           (2,0)

Principles of analysis and design for earth and rock tunnels; materials, construction methods; stability and support systems deformations and performance monitoring.

CEG 529: OPTIMUM DESIGN AND CONTROL OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS  (2,0)

Design of minimum weight or cost of structures. Full-stress Design, classical minimization procedure and mathematical programming methods. Control theory, practical control techniques for tall structures.

CEG 530: EMBANKMENT DAM ENGINEERING           (2,0)

Principles of analysis and design for earth and rock fill dams. Materials construction methods internal and external stability. Seepage and Drainage, Performance monitoring.

CEG 531: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS III          (2,0)

Energy methods in structural mechanics. Matrix methods of structural analysis. Flexibility and stiffness methods. Elastic instability. Limit state analysis of frames.

 

CEG 532: NUMERICAL METHODS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING             (2,0)

Numerical techniques for structural and geotechnical engineering such as residual, variational, finite-difference, finite-element and boundary-element methods. Selected numerical analysis topics and solution algorithms.

 

CEG 533: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT           (2,0)

Environmental Management: Definition, history, triggers, barriers and roles of stakeholders.

Environmental Pollution: Sources, effects on the environment and economy, measures to abate/control environmental pollution. Theories and concepts of Green Environment.

Environmental Risks & Assessments. Environmental Management Tools:

  • EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment): Basic elements, procedures, legislation, methodologies and measures for implementation.
  • ECM (Environmental Compliance Monitoring).
  • EA (Environmental Audit).

Capacity Building through Global Environmental Partnerships and Alliances. Environmental Policy Management.

 

CEG 534: URBAN TRANSPORTATION           (2,0)

Traffic studies and analysis. Traffic legislation. Traffic flow theory. Capacity analysis. Traffic Control Devices and Traffic signals Designs.

 

CEG 535: TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN           (2,0)

Application of operations research and systems analysis techniques to transportation system (passenger and freight). Network flows. Routing and Scheduling. Technology Selection. Terminal operation. Techniques for design of transportation systems, including Networks of fixed facilities and route networks. Time-saving improvements. Use of low-capital cost options and the role of demonstration projects. Evaluation of alternate designs.

 

CEG 536: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY II           (2,0)

Geological and engineering classifications of intact frock, rock discontinuities and rock masses. Weathering processes and classification of laterites and laterisation.

 

CEG 537: LABOUR BASED ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION           (2,0)

Introduction to labour based engineering. Evolution of Civil Construction technology. Public works and employment creation. Basic concepts of labour based road works. Costing of equipment. Productivity of equipment. Cost and Productivity of labour. Case Studies: Reasons for success. Road infrastructure investments Future directions. Maintenance: Alternative strategies and methods.

 

CEG 540: BRIDGE DESIGN          (2,0)

Superstructure and substructure design. Design of simple span and continuous span bridges, including slab, beam and truss types. Introduction to orthotropic steel plate deck bridges. Suspension bridges.

 

CEG 541: MEMBRANE STRUCTURES (PLATES AND SHELLS)           (2,0)

Bending and bucking of thin plate structural member, fundamentals of practical shell theory. Differential geometry of surfaces. Membrane and bending theory of shells. Analysis and Design of cylindrical shell, polygonal domes and paraboloids.

CEG 542: SOIL MECHANICS II           (2,0)

Advanced soil Mechanics Soil Physics. Partial differential equation governing consolidation. Exact and approximate solution land subsidence.

 

CEG 543 HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING (2,0)

Engineering aspects of Highways. Route location and survey. Geometric design, pavement design, interchange design and spacing. Highway information systems, freeway, networks and safety. Design, construction and maintenance of culverts. Design of drainage appurtenances. Different cross-sections of roads. Construction equipment types. Carry out practical in the design studio and on site on various items studied in CVE 543.

 

CEG 544 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IV                       (2,0)

Covers contemporary issues and problems in environmental engineering. Case studies ensure practical applications of environmental engineering knowledge to environmental engineering problems. Case studies can be drawn from any area of environmental engineering. Energy Pollution – Petroleum industries. Pollution in drilling (upstream) and refining (downstream) operations – Dust. Smoke and hydrocarbon and gaseous (NOx, SOX, Phosphorus) fumes and emissions. Solid wastes and wastewaters generated during refining processes, their effects on air, land and water. Measures to abate control of pollution. Organizations and Regulations controlling energy pollution. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – Basic elements: procedures legislation. Methodologies and measures for implementation. EIA assessment for dams and hydroelectric power, high voltage transmission lines. Irrigation. Housing estates. Industrial and major mechanical installations. Chemical and Pharmaceutical industries, Highways, Railways Energy (petroleum & Gas industries)

Law/Legislation Regulations-

– FEPA regulations on environmental management

– International Law Regulations

 

CEG 545: ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DESIGN                  (2,0)

Limit state design of prestressed and precast concrete members. Design of simple span and continuous span bridges including steel plate deck bridges. Design of suspension bridges and offshore structures using BS codes and modern codes and modern software. Composite structures.

 

CEG 546: ADVANCED HYDROLOGICAL ENGINEERING           (2,0)

Properties of water. Properties of sediments i.e. transported material. Incipient motion of particles, calculation of sediment transport. Bed formation, Erodible channels. Hydraulic design of culverts, bridge, water way openings, spillway, stilling basins, hydraulic gates and gates structures,                                                       

 

CEG 547: GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY           (2,0)

Fundamentals of subsurface flow transport, emphasizing the role of groundwater in the hydrological cycle, the relation of groundwater flow to geologic structure, and the management of contaminated groundwater. Topics include: Groundwater occurrence: porosity, permeability, water holding formations, aquifers and aquifer types, aquicludes, aquifer boundaries, springs and streams in relation to groundwater. Aquifer properties: transmissivity, storage coefficient, significance and typical magnitudes of these properties. Groundwater movement: flow lines and equipotential, steady state and transient flows, streamlines and flow nets, natural flow, flow to wells, drawdown, cone of influence, radius of influence and interference. Well hydraulics, including Thiem and Theis equations and various tests, as well as contaminant transport, hydraulics of pumped wells, analytical methods and analysis of well pumping tests.  

 

CEG 548: COASTAL ENGINEERING           (2,0)

Linear wave theory: Tidal forces on coastal structures Breakwaters. Refraction and diffraction. Harbour agitations. Ship waves.

CEG 549: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING           (2,0)

Geometric design of highways and railways, drainage structures. Structural design of highways and airfields using BS and modern codes. Pavement construction methods and evaluation. Highway economics and finance.

 

CEG 577:  FINAL YEAR PROJECT I           (0,3)

The student elects to do an in-depth study of a given problem in any major areas of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Structures, Water Resources, Environment, Geotechnics, Highway and Transportation). The project is spread over two (2) semesters.

 

CEG 588: FINAL YEAR PROJECT II                                   (0,3)

The student elects to do an in-depth study of a given problem in any major areas of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Structures, Water Resources, Environment, Geotechnics, Highway and Transportation). The project is spread over two (2) semesters.

 

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