To produce top-rate graduate Metallurgical and Materials Engineers who will spearhead the effective use of materials for the economic development of our nation.

PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES

The programme aims to produce graduate Engineers in the field of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering who will effectively manage the national economy’s Metallurgical and Materials industries.

The objective is to give a sound grounding in the theory and practice of Materials Engineering, producing graduates who will be employable immediately after graduation and who will be well-equipped to solve problems of Engineering design and production in the industry.

Introduction

DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING

• Faculty: Engineering
• Department: Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
• Name of Programme: Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
• Title of Degree: B.Sc. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

History of the programme

The teaching of Metallurgy and Materials at the University of Lagos began in 1967 with the introduction of a course in Materials Science for all Year One students of the then 3-year B.Sc. Engineering degree programme.

When the Nigerian Steel Development Authority (NSDA) began recruiting metallurgical engineers for the proposed Iron and Steel project in 1971, it became obvious that there was a dearth of such professionals in the country. The NSDA solved the problem by giving graduates of various science disciplines conversion training in metallurgy in institutions in Asia and Europe at a very high cost to the nation.

The, then Department of Mechanical Engineering considered that the conversion exercise could be done locally at a much lower cost to the nation in a Postgraduate Diploma programme in collaboration with NSDA. The proposals were accepted and the programme took off in October 1978 with eighteen students, fourteen of whom were from the NSDA. One Hundred and Two (102) metallurgists were trained on the programme before it was suspended in 1983 because of shortage of staff.

In 1985, the University Senate approved a B.Sc. degree programme in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering to be run in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. The programme commenced in 1990. Five sets of graduates were produced before the programme was moved to a new department.

The new Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering which was formally established on January 20, 2000, graduated its first set of students at the end of the 2003/2004 academic session. It currently has a staff strength of twenty-three academic staff, five administrative staff, and four technical staff.

The Department runs Postgraduate programmes at the Diploma, Master, and Doctoral Levels.

The department, since its inception, has had the following as the head;

1. Prof. S. A. Balogun February 2000 to July 31, 2006.
2. Dr. G. I. Lawal August 1, 2006 to July 31, 2008.
3. Prof D. E. Esezobor August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2012
4. Prof. G. I. Lawal August 1, 2012 to July 31, 2015
5. Prof. S. B. Hassan August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2018
6. Prof. S. O. Adeosun August 1, 2018 to July 31, 2021
7. Dr. I. O. Sekunowo August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022
8. Prof. M. O. H. Amuda. August 1, 2022 to April 4, 2023
9. Dr. L.O. Osoba April 4, 2023 till date

Philosophy and Objectives of the Programmes

 Philosophy

The Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Programme strives to consistently provide excellence in learning, research, and service through globally relevant curricula that guarantee graduates with strong scientific and engineering problem-solving knowledge appropriate for understanding the link between the underlying structure and the processing, properties, and performance of materials development and applications. This programme is to provide students with a well-balanced engineering education with emphases on Metallurgical and Materials Engineering to meet the needs of industry, academia, government, and society. The graduates are engineered to innovate in materials, energy, electronics, medicine, communications, transportation, recreation, structural and domestic fields. The graduates are expected to display outstanding skills in synthesis, processing, design, and development in manufacturing, performance, reclamation, and recycling of materials.

 Aim/Objective

Aims

The Metallurgical and Materials Engineering programme seeks to, among other things,

• Produce globally competitive graduates knowledgeable in the effective use of various classes of materials for economic development.
• Serve as a continuous source of human capital for developing and sustaining the country’s metallurgical and materials endowment to improve national economic well-being and global competitiveness.
• Equip graduates for successful careers in the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Profession.
• Provide a platform for engagement with relevant industries to ensure sustainable community service for mutual benefit.

Objectives

The objectives of the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering programmes are to:

• Train students through integrated learning in classrooms, laboratories, and field trips to the industry.
• Provide a sound academic foundation as the basis for pursuing higher degrees (M.Sc., M.Phil., and Ph.D.).
• Provide learners with fundamental knowledge of materials processing, properties, performance, selection, and application concerning the underlying structure.
• Produce graduates who will be competently involved in the practice of metallurgical and materials engineering, perform successfully as members of professional teams, or pursue graduate studies.
• Develop the learners’ adequate and appropriate experimental design, implementation, and technical report writing skills to disseminate information on Metallurgical and Materials Engineering.
• Enable graduates to apply the core concepts of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering to solve engineering problems.
• Produce graduates who understand the professional and ethical responsibilities of a metallurgical and materials engineering field.
• Ensure sustainable research and development culture in consonance with metallurgical and materials industry trends, public service, and the global community.

Rationale/Justification

Metallurgical and Materials Engineers are needed to study, design, develop, and operate processes that convert raw and waste materials into useful engineering commodities, enhancing the quality of life.

Qualitative and quantitative Metallurgical and Materials Engineers are needed to process both solid and liquid natural mineral resources in Nigeria into useful materials for national development and improved standard of living.

The oil and gas field produces feed for energy and power generation and polymer-based materials required in automobiles, medicine, and day-to-day domestic activities. Thus, Metallurgical and Materials engineers are needed to develop materials suitable for the needs of the various sectors of human endeavour while eliminating/minimizing environmental pollution and degradation through the development of technologies for safe and healthy recycling of wastes. Metallurgical and materials Engineers are needed to run and maintain industries and establishments such as Iron/steel-based industries, aluminum industries; materials, materials testing laboratories, power metallurgy firms, ceramic industries, polymer production firms; automobile industries, aviation industries, maritime firms for repair, maintenance, construction of ships and boats; oil and gas industries; defense industry; mining industries; electronics (semi-conductors); energy; communication; rehabilitative medicine (biomedical); public service; consulting; academics; research and development; entrepreneurship, etc.

Graduation Requirements

1. UTME Students

For a UTME student to graduate with a B.Sc. (Hons.) Metallurgical and Materials Engineering degree programme, the student must take and pass a minimum of 172 units, including all compulsory courses.

1. Direct Entry 200 LevelStudents

For a 200-Level Direct Entry student to graduate with a B.Sc. (Hons.) Metallurgical and Materials Engineering degree programme, the student must take and pass a minimum of 137 units, including all compulsory courses.

1. Direct Entry 300 LevelStudents

For a 300-level student to graduate with a B.Sc. (Hons.) Metallurgical and Materials Engineering degree programme, the student must take and pass a minimum of 110 units, including all compulsory courses.

Course Outline for B.Sc. (Hons) Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

100 Level

1^ST SEMESTER

2^ND SEMESTER

200 Level

200 LEVEL 1^ST SEMESTER

200 LEVEL 2^ND SEMESTER

300 Level

300 LEVEL 1^ST SEMESTER

 300 LEVEL 2^ND SEMESTER

400 Level

400 LEVEL 1^ST SEMESTER

400 LEVEL 2^ND SEMESTER

 500 Level

500 LEVEL 1^ST SEMESTER

 500 LEVEL 2^ND SEMESTER 

Summary of number of Compulsory & Elective Units to be taken at each level for the B.Sc. (Hons) Degree Programme in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Course Content

MME 211: SCIENCE OF MATERIALS 2 UNITS

Atomic structure, Mass number and Isotopy. The physical model of the atom. Electron notation of atoms including valency model of the atom. Valency and inert gasses and inertness. Excitation, ionization energy. Structure and properties of atomic nuclei. Radioactivity. Inter atomic bonding. Crystal structure. Stacking sequence and stacking faults. Miller indices. Interplanar distance, Crystal imperfections. Atomic movements. Phases. Equilibrium diagrams and alloys. Solid state transformations. Survey of occurrence and extraction of metals. Non – crystalline and multiphase solids including polymers. Ceramics and composite materials, fibre – reinforced materials, dispersion strengthened materials and cermets.

MME 221: BASIC COMPUTER SCIENCE & PROGRAMMING 2 UNITS

Introduction to computer science, foundations of programming, coding techniques, basic data structures, general coding, coding in pseudo code. Algorithm design. Miscellaneous languages such as visual basic, C⁺⁺ JAVA, Fortran, etc.

Introduction to computer technology, hardware, software and other terminologies, primary operating systems, DOS windows, word processing, data base, presentation software, graphics and scientific visualizations, computer networks, INTERNET and INTRANET, internet applications, e-mail, WWW(URL) HTML, JAVA.

GEG 228: ENGINEER IN SOCIETY  1 UNIT

Philosophy of Science. History of Engineering technology. Safety in Engineering and introduction to risk analysis. The role of Engineers in nation building. Invited lectures from Professionals.

MME 312: PHYSICAL METALLURGY I 3 UNITS

Introduction to metals and metal alloy systems. The metallic bond and structure of metals. Solidification of pure metals, effect of variables on structure solidification as a nucleation and growth process. Solidification of non-crystalline materials. Preparation of materials to reveal structure, use of microscope Annealing of metals, grain growth, surface energy and shapes of crystals. Deformation, slip, twinning, effect of microstructure, viscous flow. Annealing of deformed metals. Effect of variables. Binary Equilibria -Alloying, solid solutions. Equilibrium of phase diagrams, complete solubility, Cu/Ni type, Lever rule. Effect of cooling changes in solid, heterogeneous Equilibria, Claudius – Chaperon, on vapour pressure, phase rule, definitions and proof. Introducing activity and potential P-T diagrams, condensed systems. Peritectics, more complex equilibrium diagrams with maxima, minima Compounds, etc. Iron – Iron carbide diagram, Hysteresis, allotropy.

Applications-Cast Steel, Wrought steels, Effect of Cooling on structure of steels. Martensite. Quenching, T.T.T. curves, hardenability. Bainite, Alloying. Tempering properties and structure. Surface hardening. High alloy steels, cast irons, stability Fe₃C, Iron-graphite equilibrium. Copper, Copper – Zinc alloys as an example of different strengthening processes.

MME 313: MATERIALS IN ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT  2 UNITS

The Engineering materials family, materials of early and non-industrial societies, materials of industrial societies. Some recent material groupings, ceramics, polymers, composites, semiconductors and bio-materials. Materials processing techniques: Conventional and modem materials processing techniques. Historical contribution of materials development and utilization to the course of technology transportation, (railways, road, air, sea transport), building construction, medicine and dentistry, electronic, telecommunication and information, Electronic/Magnetic optical materials, ceramics, polymers, ceramics, polymers, composites, Biomaterials, Nano-materials. Environmental Impact Survey (EIS) of Materials Exploration. Relevant audio-visual aids.

MME 314: POLYMERIC MATERIALS 3 UNITS

Chemistry polymerization process condensation polymerization, addition polymerization. Epoxide Co-polymerization (fibre glass, carbon, fibres materials) synthetic rubbers. Styrenebutadine rubber. Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastic technology polymerization systems. Molecular weight and melt flow index mould techniques including seam mould for expanded polystyrene, compression moulding. Injection mould, extrusion moulding, calendaring, solid state forming.

Solidification:

1. i) Melt-Chain configuration and flow processes on cooling.
2. The glass transition (amorphous polymers). The temperature/time superposition principles and the WLF equation.

• Rubber and rubber requirements for crystallization X-ray evidence and unit cell.

Theory of spherodite growth.

Mechanical properties:

Visco elasticity. Stress strain curves. Stiffness, creep environmental stress cracking of polymers. Modem plastic epoxy resins etc.

MME 315: CERAMIC MATERIALS 2 UNITS

Microstructure of ceramic materials, Traditional ceramic raw materials, on-traditional and special ceramic raw materials, Typical ceramic body compositions, Raw materials preparation, Batching and body preparation, forming processes, Drying, Ceramic firing, Ceramic kilns, Glaze technology, Glass Important properties, Glass manufacturing technology, Measurement of ceramic properties, Application of ceramic materials in engineering.

MME 319: THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIALS 3 UNITS

Introduction. Basic concepts in thermodynamics. Objectives and limitations of classical thermodynamics. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy and work. Calculation of work for various thermodynamics. Processes. Heat capacities. Thermochemistry. Hess’s law. Kirchoffs law. Second law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of cyclic process. Carnot cycle. Entropy. Thermodynamic. Equation of state. Statistical interpretation of entropy. Free energy functions. Gibbs-Helmbioltz equation. Maxwell’s relations. Third law of thermodynamics. Fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant.

Van Hoffs isotherm. Variation of equilibrium constant with temperature. Clausius – Clapeyron’s equation. Ellingham diagrams and application. Thermodynamic solutions. Raoult’s law.

Henry’s law. Sievert’s law. Properties of ideal solutions.  

Chemical potentials. Partial Molar properties and their inter-relations. Gibbs – Duhem equation and its integration. Actual solutions. Regular solutions. Excess thermodynamic properties. Application to phase diagrams. Derivation of phase rule.

Thermodynamics of Electrochemical cells. Nemst equation. Emf method of measurement of Thermodynamic properties. Transport number, conductance, non-mobility and their interpretation. Kinetics of Metallurgical reactions. Collision theory of Absolute reaction rates. Order and molecularity of reactions. Determination of order. Catalysis and chemical reactions.

MME 321: WELDING TECHNOLOGY AND FABRICATION 3 UNITS

Role of welding and brazing as manufacturing processes, Typical welding processes gas, arc, resistance, flash, friction, friction stir and electro-slag welding, New welding processes such as electron beam, plasma arc, tungsten inert gas metal gas, Welding parameters: Effect of welding processes and parameters on the mechanical properties elements, Heat treatment of welds and design of welded joints, Scope and limitation of brazing, Types and processing of brazing alloys, Brazing of commercially important ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, Process involved in soldering, soldering alloy, Application of soldering techniques.

MME 322: MATERIALS LABORATORY I 2 UNITS

Introduction to study of materials by light and x-ray. Examination of structure and relationship of structure to mode of fabrication. Fundamentals of metals forming and heat-treatment operations, Metallography. Physical tests: tensile, creep, hardness and fracture.

MME 323: INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2 UNITS

Manufacturing properties of materials, metal cutting theory, metal cutting tools. Other metal removal processes. Aspects of machine tool design and utilization.

 MME 324: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 3 UNITS

Deformation and Elasticity:

Condensed states of matter, Deformation of Solids and Liquids; displacement, strain rotation. Stress, Hooke’s Law for isotropic materials, Elastic constants and the relations between them. Measurement of Elastic Constants: Plastic Properties: Stress-strain Curves, yield stress, proof stress, ultimate tensile strength, ductility. True Stress, true strain, work hardening. Fracture, toughness, hardness, recovery and recrystallization, Creep, fatigue.

Thermal Properties: thermal energy, specific heat, thermal expansion. Thermal shock. Effects of thermal properties on material behaviour.

Electrical, optical and Magnetic Materials and Devices. Introduction to electronic, optical and magnetic properties of materials in terms of their electronic structure, chemical composition and bonding. Properties of metals, semiconductors, and insulators, including electrical conduction and thermoelectric power. Hall effect, optical absorption and reflection, luminescence, para – and ferromagnetism- effects of micro – structure and impurity content. Texture effect.

MME 325: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 3 UNITS

External morphology of crystals. Law of constant angle.

Representation by directions of ace normals.

Hardy regular internal parking, the crystalline state. Law of rational indices. Miller indices and Miller-Bravis. Reference axes, parametral plane Sterographic projections. External symmetry, crystal systems, crystal classes. Primitive and non-primitive cells. Mathematical crystallography for orthogonal reference axes. Angles between planes and directions. Pacing of plane.

Crystal Chemistry – Ionic, Covalent, metalic and van der Wall’s bonded crystals, Structures of true metals, geometry of regular packing of spheres. lonic crystals. NaCl, CaCl, CsCl, Ionic Radii. Covalent crystal-diamond. Zim’s rule, sub group metals, solid solution, atomic radii.

Intermetallic differently bonded crystal X-ray Crystallography:

Production and properties of X-rays:

X-ray tubes, spectral intensity curves, absorption filters, interpretation of characteristic lines, absorption edges. Health hazard, Fluorescence radiography. Principles of Diffraction, atomic Scattering, Bragg’s equation, missing reflections. Laue photographs – powder Cameras, appearance of photographs resolution of doublet. Indexing of pattern (SIN² vs log methods).

Appearance of patterns from PIF structures. Indexing hexagonal, tetragonal patterns. Deformation of Lattice Parameters:

Nelson-Piley Plots, Accuracy attainable. Foccusion cameras A.S.T.M index, phase diagrams, superlattice stress analysis of mixtures. Pole figures, fibre texture: charts.

MME 326: MATERIALS PROCESSING I 3 UNITS

Joining of metals. Brazing: Principles of bonding. Welding methods, principles and metallurgy of welds. Casting methods; Sand Casting: Billet casting methods; Zublin: Erical; Durvile and continuous casting and other forms of casting. Fundamentals of solidification and structural developments in casting

Electrodeposition: Growth of electrodeposits: addition of agents, principles illustrated with cyanide baths, nickel and chromium.

MME 331: PYROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES 2 UNITS

Fuels and combustion processes, Furnace heat transfer (including the concept of available heat), Thermodynamics of solid-liquid and solid-solid mixtures, Ellingham diagrams, phase diagrams and unit operations, including calcination, roasting, smelting, retorting thermal refining, process control and safety. Processes used in copper smelting and refining, lead, nickel smelting and

Ferro-nickel production, Synthetic rutile, Titanium and Zinc.

MME 412: ELECTRO CHEMISTRY AND CORROSION 3 UNITS

Basic concept of corrosion and socio-economic implication. Introduction to the thermodynamics and kinetics of Electrochemical corrosion of metals and alloys.

Corrosion – Theoretical Aspects, Electrolysis. Principles. Faraday’s laws and their application. Current Efficiency. Energy efficiency. Ion conductivity, Equivalent, and Molar conductivity. Ionic mobilities and Transport Numbers. Electrode potential, Equilibrium potentials-EMF series. Polarization. Over Voltage / Over Potential. Activation. Concentration. Ohmic Polarization. Effect of Polarization on Electrode processes. Corrosion as an irreversible electrode process. Tafels Equation. Tafels slopes. Effect of Temperature, composition and concentration of the Corrosive media. Kinetics of electrode processes (briefly). Passivity.

Galvanic cells with solid electrolytes. Oxidation – metal rate laws. Wanger’s theory of parabolic oxidation. Application to oxidation of copper, zinc and sulphidaton or silver oxidation kinetics low temperature and high temperature.

Electrode processes. Cathodic. Technical processes. Brief classification. Anodic Technical process. Corrosion-Electrochemical aspects of corrosion. Corrosion cells/electrochemical cells. Concentration cells. Temperature cells. Determination of electrode potential. Thermodynamic aspects – Nerst Equation. Helmholtz equation. Galvanic series. Displacement equilibrium and its significance in Corrosion processes. Potential-pH, Fe-HO diagram. E-I diagrams for prediction of Corrosion currents. Polarization Resistance Linear Polarization technique for evaluation of i_corr 

Corrosion – Practical Aspects. Importance. Direct and Indirect losses. Types and Forms of Corrosion. Uniform Corrosion. Pitting Corrosion. Galvanic Corrosion and Intergranular Corrosion. Stress Corrosion Cracking. Cavitation Erosion. Erosion Corrosion. Corrosion Fatigue.

Differential aeration Corrosion. Corrosion Rate expressions. Testing Methods. Effect of velocity, flow-rate. Concentration, temperature and inhibitors and corrosion rates. Corrosion rate calculations.

Corrosion prevention. (1) Design aspects (2) Alteration of Environment -inhibitors (3) Alteration of the Materials-Pure metals-alloys, Non-metallic as structural materials – Reinforcement of the material for reducing Corrosion rates. (4) Surface protection. Electroplating Principles Throwing power and its evaluation. Commercial plating of Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd. Zn. Ag. Au. Electrodeposition of alloys plating structure of electrodeposits and testing of deposits. (5) Anodic oxidation of Aluminium and its alloys. Commercial anodizing process. Faults in the Anodic coatings and the remedies. Treatment after anodizing. 6) Cathodic and Anodic Protection.

Treatment of environmental degradation of non-metals (ceramics, concrete, wood, polymer and silicate glasses). Discussion of current materials degradation problems in marine environments, the petroleum industry, aviation and automobile industries; Energy conversion and generating system.

MME 414: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS PROCESSING 2 UNITS

Introduction to momentum, heat and mass transfer with examples from process metallurgy. Molecular transport properties: viscosity, thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity. Simple overall mechanical energy balances, elements of laminar flow and turbulent flow. Steady and unsteady conduction problems, forced and natural convection, heat transfer coefficient and radiative heat transfer. Definition of binary diffusivity, definition of binary diffusivity, convection mass transfer and mass transfer coefficient. Solution techniques will include digital computer methods.

MME 415: ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR MATERIALS ENGINEERS 2 UNITS

Technology and Development; productivity and wealth creation. The features of an entrepreneur. Basic skills of entrepreneurship, generating business ideas and leadership (management). Business environment and organization for technical enterprise.

Human resources, ethics in business management and business law, intellectual property issues. Innovation and appropriate technologies. Technology commercialization and prototyping. The business plan; contents and importance of business plans; formats of business plans, packaging business plans. Government regulations, marketing and marketing strategies: pricing and analyzing market characteristics. Entrepreneurial finance analysis, element of financial plan (venture capital). E-business, feasibility studies.

Case studies, review of business plans, Appraisal of existing business concerns (SME & blue chip companies), Presentation on current industrial practice in metallurgical & materials engineering industries, Entrepreneurial opportunities in metal based industries in Nigeria Foundry, metal fabrication, metal finishing, solid minerals, materials recycling, corrosion, merchandise etc.

 MME 416: BIOMATERIALS 2 UNITS

Introduction to Biomaterials and processing- an overview, properties of materials, Bioceramics, Metals Hydrogels, Nanomaterials, Biopolymers, Composites in biomedical application, Applications of materials in medicine, biology and artificial organs.

MME419: CHEMICAL METALLURGY 3 UNITS

Application of chemical and thermodynamic methods and principles of the treatment of importance metallurgical processes. Classification of extractive metallurgy processes. Gas-solid reaction, slag-metal reaction, oxide reduction, segregation, distribution, vacuum degassing. Examples taken from metallurgy of common metals.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrometallurgical processes; leaching and solvent extraction

MME 431: PHYSICALMETALLURGY II 2 UNITS

Classification of Transformation: Order of transformation, classification by structural and kinetics features. Generalized approach to a reaction equation. Free energy consideration and the equilibrium diagram. Nucleation: Random, non-random, site-saturation, measurement. Growth morphology of particles, lamellar growth. Partitioning, coalescence, measurement.

Hardening Mechanism & Heat Treatment: precipitation hardening, dispersion hardening, solid solution, decomposition of solid solutions. Eutectoid transformation. Decomposition of austenite on continuous cooling and isothermally, hardenability. Theory of martensitic transformation, microstructure of martensite and tempered martensites, massive and baintic transformation.  

Tempering: Effects of alloying elements in special steels, secondary hardening, controlled transformation in steels, physical metallurgy of alloy steel. Metallurgy of managing steels. Temper brittleness, overheating and burning of steels, super-plasticity.

Carburizing: mathematical treatment of carburizing.

Pre-requisite: MME 312

 MME 523: NON-FERROUS EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY 3 UNITS

Introduction, review of Non-ferrous Mineral wealth of Nigeria. Primary and Secondary metal wining: General methods of Extraction: Pyro-metallurgy, Roasting, types of roasting equipment and methods. Smelting, smelting furnaces. Principles of refining. Use of vacuum. Zone refining, vacuum refining and re-melting, electron beam melting, electro slag refining. Hydrometallurgy, advantages and disadvantages. Principles of leaching, leaching kinetics and factors affecting leaching. Electrometallurgy, classification of process, cementation, electro refining, and electro deposition.

Treatment of Extraction of some Important Non-Ferrous Metals:

Aluminum: uses, ores, Bayer’s process of aluminum production. Hall-Heroult process. Cryolite and carbon electrode manufacture. Hapes process of refining. ALCOA processes. New processes.

Copper uses Pyrometallurgical processes. New processes. Flashing melting. WOCRA and Noranda processes. Hydrometallurgy of copper.

Lead: Uses: ore treatment and production of metal.

Zinc: Uses: Pyrometallurgical and Hydro-metallurgical extraction methods. Imperial smelting. Nickel: Brief description of Ni extraction from sulphide ores, treatment of light structural metals e.g. magnesium. Ores, uses, concentration, smelting and refining. Uranium: Extraction of uranium, production flow sheet of zirconium. Titanium, thorium, plutonium etc. Production

flow sheet for the extraction of gold and silver. Nuclear reactor technology. Fuel for nuclear reactions. Basic components of a reactor. Characteristics and requirements. Types of reactors. Environmental and economic considerations in the choice of production methods.

MME 524: SOLIDIFICATION AND FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY 3 UNITS

Processes of freezing: Nucleation and growth of solid phase: planar and dendritic growth freezing of alloys; constitutional super-cooling. Solidification of two-phase alloy; structure of cast alloy; effect of cast structure on properties; segregation in ingots. Casting techniques and finishing operations; defects in casting.

MME 525: COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2 UNITS

Fundamental aspect of modem composite materials, Types of composite materials viz: fibre. reinforced, particulate dispersion strengthened and laminar types, Metal matrix composites. Ceramic matrix composites and polymer matrix composites, Methods of fabricating composites, Solid state and liquid state fabricating techniques, Characteristics and properties of composites. Measurement and testing of properties of composites, Application of composites in engineering design, Failure modes of composites

MME 526: FAILURE ANALYSIS AND MATERIALS SELECTION 2UNITS

Introduction to the concept of failure in materials, common causes of failures: Design errors, improper material, improper heat treatments, manufacturing defects, inadequate quality assurance, inadequate environmental protection/control, assembly errors, misuse or abuse. Failure mechanisms include fatigue, creep, stress rupture, corrosion/stress corrosion cracking, ductile and brittle fractures, hydrogen embrittlement, and liquid metal embrittlement.

Basic sequence in failure analysis: forensic metallurgy, failure analysis methods, destructive evaluation, and non-destructive evaluation Litigation arising from failure of plants/process. Selection of materials for engineering systems based on constitutive functional requirements and materials property. The role and implication of processing in material selection. Case studies.

MME 531: DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE MECHANICS 3 UNITS

Fundamentals of materials science and solid mechanics applied to selected subjects in fracture, major topics include linear-elastic, elastic-plastic, and fully plastic fracture mechanics, fatigue, creep rupture and creep crack growth and environmentally assisted fracture. Emphasis shall be placed on relating the microscopic (continuum) characterizations.

Pre-requisite: MME 324

MME 532: MINERAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 3 UNITS

Objectives and scopes, classification of minerals, liquids, and solids. Occurrence and sources of solid minerals. A survey of Nigeria’s solid mineral reserves. Quality issues in solid mineral processing. concept of liberations. Communition (ore preparation), study of primary and secondary crushing and grinding units (jaw, gyratory, reduction gyratory and roll crushers). Theory of ball mill operation, treatment of crushing and grinding laws: e.g. Rittinger’s Kick’s and Bond’s law.

Laboratory sizing units: screening, elutriation, sedimentation, representation of size analysis data, sizing equipment used in industry, elementary concepts of movements of solid in fluids. Stokes and Newton’s laws. Reynolds number free and hindered settling. Classification and its application in mineral dressing. Some separation techniques; tabling; jigging, magnetic and electrostatic separation, flotation, surface tension, surface energy and contact angle. Floatability, frothers, collectors and modifying agents. Solution chemistry and surface chemistry. Differential flotation, flotation circuits. Dewatering techniques (sedimentation – filtration drying). Treatment of sample flow sheets for beneficiation of some industrial minerals e.g. Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ta. Beach sands, gypsum, limestone, clays etc. Review of solid mineral development in Nigeria. Economics and environmental issues in solid mineral processing.

MME 533: IRON & STEEL TECHNOLOGY 3 UNITS

Review of global production profile and price variation and economic importance of ferrous alloys.

Raw materials; occurrence, distribution and classification of iron ores in Nigeria. Evaluation of raw materials, preparation of iron ores, concentration: agglomeration techniques. Sintering principles sinter machine and its efficiency. Types of sinter. Raw materials requirement. Pelletizing, bonding mechanism.

Blast furnace and accessories, description of modem blast furnace. Design of blast furnace, stoves, gas cleaning systems, and charging system. Blast furnace instruments and Refractories. Distribution of burden in blast furnace.

Physical Chemistry and Chemistry Reaction and Ellingham Diagram. Distribution of elements in molten metal and slag. Constitution of blast furnace slags, properties and uses. Blast furnace operations, irregularities and corrections. Modem developments in blast furnace practice and methods of increasing production. Alternate routes of production of pig iron; electric process, low shaft furnace, production of sponge iron by Hyl process. SL/RN Process, midrex process, kiln process; corex, fast melt, etc uses of sponge iron. Production of wrought iron.

Early steel-making processes, cementation, and crucible processes. Chemistry and principles of steel making processes. Theories of slag. Oxidation of Si, Mn and C. Desulphurisation, dephosphorisation and deoxidation. Survey of modem steel making processes; converter steel making process: LD, LD-AC, Kaldo, Rotor, Q-BOP and electric furnace steel making their advantages and limitations. Brief EAF process, construction, lining and operation. Brief outline of manufacture of alloy steel production of ferrous alloys- Fe- Si, Fe-Mn, Fe-V, F e-W Quality steel making; Vacuum degassing of metals. Secondary steel making. Casting process. Pit-side process and teeming methods. Ingot moulds. Solidification of steel, ingot defect and remedies. Continuous casting of steels.

MME 534: FUELS, FURNACES AND REFRACTORIES 3 UNITS

Types of fuels solids, liquids and gaseous. Fuel classification and characteristic

Solid fuels classification: theories of formation of coal. Types and properties of coal. Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal, carburization of coal (coke and by products). Testing and properties.

Liquid Fuels: classification. Theories of formation of petroleum, petroleum refining, distillation, synthetic petrol. Bergius process, fisher process and trospech. Coal tar fuels. Testing and properties.

Gaseous fuels: classification. Production of PG, WG, CWG, LD Gas, Coke oven and gas and BF gas. Industrial gasification processes. Lurgi, Winklers, and kopper Totzek processes, properties and testing.

Liquid and gaseous fuel burners. Combustion problem.

Refractories: definition, raw materials, properties, classification and general description. Manufacturing of Refractories: Manufacture, properties, application and economy, of aluminosilicate, silica, magnesite, dolomite, chrome-magnesite, chromite, carbon Refractories, changes during drying and firing, significance of phase diagrams. Behaviour of Refractories in services, including mechanism of thermal and other modes of spalling and attack. Properties and casting of Refractories.

Refractory materials made from pure oxides: – Al₂O₃, MgO, CaO, BeO, ZnO and Cermets.

Furnaces: Classification of furnaces and their uses in steady state conduction, convection and radiation.

Heat utilization in furnaces, available heat, factors affecting available heat. Heat losses in furnace and furnace efficiency. Heat balance and sankey diagrams.

Principles of waste heat recovery. Recuperators and regenerators.

Types and applicability. Protective atmosphere and their applications. Treatment of some basic furnaces.

MME 535: METALLURGICALPROCESSAND PLANT DESIGN 2 UNITS

Metallurgical process synthesis (process sequence and layout), plant design, principles of plant design, process equipment design and specifications, economic analysis of alternative processes, computer-aided process design and simulation, application of optimization principles to specific metallurgical engineering problems, design case studies application of scientific and engineering knowledge to practical design problems, safety aspects of plant design. Environment issues in process and plant design.

MME 541: MATERIALS PROCESSING II 2 UNITS

Powder metallurgy preparation, pressing. Sintering and principles. One-phase and two-phase systems. Applications of powder metallurgy, advantages and limitations, sintered carbide.

• Ceramics, Glass & Wood forming techniques & equipment. Composite technology principles and types
• Economic and environmental aspects of materials processing. e.g., service requirement, source of information, case instances.

MME 542: ENGINEERING PLASTICITY & MECHANICS OF METAL FORMING   2 UNITS

Yield Criteria: Tresca’s maximum shear and Von Mises’s maximum shear-strain energy Criteria: the relationship between the tensile yield stress of yielding. Slip-line Field Theory: Stress evaluation using slip-line field; Hencky equations and determination of Stress and slip-line at the free boundary surface. Frictionless boundary interface, Boundary interface with Coulomb friction and boundary interface with full sticking or maximum friction. Plan and Hill slip-line field evaluations: Derivation of Geringer’s velocity equations. Principles of the upper bound theorem. Upper bound analysis of simple upsetting using an admissible parallel velocity upper boundary principle under plane strain conditions; Application of Upper bound theory to plane strain conditions; Application of Upper bound theory to plane strain indentation, extrusion and forging.

Mechanics of some forming processes: Open and closed die forging in plane strain: bar or wire drawing and strip drawing, various techniques of tube making: deep drawing, rolling metal forming friction.

Lubrication: principle of metal forming friction. Hydrodynamic lubrication: boundary layer

lubrication: extreme pressure, and solid phase lubrication.

MME 577: PROJECT I 3 UNITS

Individual final year projects to be supervised by members of the academic staff.

MME 588: PROJECT II 3 UNITS

Individual final year projects to be supervised by members of the academic staff.

Academic Staff

Technical Staff

Administrative Staff